Method of riveting and apparatus therefor



H. B, COX.

METHOD OF RIVETING AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.

APPLICATION FILED OCT 8 I917.

Patented Jan. 18, 19251.

2 SHEETS SHEKZ' INVENTOR A ATTORNEYS H. B. 00x.

METHOD OF RIVETING AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.

4 APPLICATION FILED OCT, 8, 1917. 1,365,664, Patented Jan. 18, 1921.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

INVENTOR UNITED STATE PATEXN OFFICE.

METHOD OF RIVETING AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.

Application filed. October '8, 1917.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY BARRINGER COX, a citizen of the United Statearesiding at Los Olivos, in the county of Santa Barbara, State of California, have invented a new and useful Method of Riveting and Apparatus Therefor, of which the following is a specification.

Heretofore hot rivets have had their ends set or shaped by hammering, either by hand or by pneumatic or electric riveting devices which give a hammering effect.

The object of this device is to substitute rapid rotation of the riveting tool as a mechanical equivalent to hammering, and by the use of a properly formed shaper tool, to spin the semi-plastic hot rivet so that it may be headed or what is commercially termed set Three forms of the device are shown. One in which the shaft to which the shaper tool is attached is rotated at a high speed by an electric motor. One in which compressed air is made to operate a rotary pneumatic engine which rotates'the shaft to which the shaper tool is attached. Another is shown in which the shaft is rotated by an electric motor which automatically supplies the pressure needed by the sucking in of the armature into the magnetic field of the polepleces.

Tn this last device, the apparatus is held by magnetism against the plate through which the .hot rivet is inserted. Vihile this last mentioned device shows how the comparatively slight pressure needed is applied, in the other two devices first named, the pressure is applied by pushing the tool against the plastic hot rivet.

This device has many advantages over any heretofore used or which are now in'use, for instance, the operation is much quicker performed by spinning than by hammering as the high speed of rotation is the mechanical equivalent of the comparative slow movement of any to and fro device, such as the present mechanical rivetcr in ordinary use.

It also has the advantage of saving the operator from the severe physical effort and shock to which he is subjected by all existing rivet setting devices.

It also is much more economical in its operation as much less energy, either pneu- Specification of Letters Patent.

erly energized by Patented Jan. 18, 1921.

Serial No. 195,303.

matic or electric, is required to produce rotation than to produce the toand fro hammering effect.

Under the existing conditions of the worlds needs for speed in marine construction, the device can readily be seen to lend itself most admirably, as it does not require the construction of additional power plants, either pneumatic or electric, but will necessitate only the use of this easily constructed and economically operated device by the ex isting plants. I

In the drawing showing the shaper tool, as T term the heading device, ll show one form in which the cup shaped tool has a transverse ridge extending down one side across the bottom and up the other side. The object of this ridge is to produce a squashing effect on the semi-plastic rivet so that it may more readily take on the form to be desired.

It will be understood, however, that when the head of the rivet is finished, it will be not or" the size of the cup but will conform y to the size of the raised projection.

My present lnvention in its broad and generic scope comprehends the setting of a hot semi-plastic rivet by a rapidly rotated spinning shaper, and I do not desire to limlt myselteither to the form of power employed to cause the shaper tool to spin, or to the definite shape of the shaper tool.

In one form of my novel device, I employ a casing containing a rotary armature, pole pieces and field magnets and utilize a spln' ning or rotary motion of the rivet set to form the rivet head, the armature when being drawn into the pole pieces givin the needed pressure to form the rivet head: Tn

the operationof this embodiment of my device, when the hot rivet is in position, the open pole pieces are brought into contact with the iron plates through which the rivet extends, and when said pole pieces are propthe electric current flowing through them, they will cling tightly to the contacting iron plate closlng the magnetic circuit and so completing the polarity of the field poles, causing the armature to rotate at a high speed and at the same time to be drawn or sucked into the pole pieces. This combined spinning and rotary action of the rivet set at one and the same time forms the rivet head, since a very great pressure is exerted when the armature is drawn into the field poles.

My invention is of particular commercial benefit since it reduces the time of heading a rivet to a fraction of the time now necessary, even in the best of the commercial devices, and it also has the particular advantage of lightness of weight for the operator to handle, and an additional very important advantage is that the shock and nerve strain that the operator is under with the present type 'of pneumatic riveter is entirely done away with in my device, there being no strain whatever, as the device clamps against the iron plate and is held in that position free from all strain on the part of the operator and remains in that position until the entire riveting operation has been finished. It is then readily detached by merely opening the electric circuit by a manually operated switch which can be operated by a thumb or finger of the workman from'the grasping handle of the tool, which latterwill be light in weight and easily and cheaply constructed, and readily portable.

To the above ends, my invention consists of a novel method of riveting and apparatus therefor, wherein a rotary movement, and if desired an axial movement, is imparted to a.

working tool, such as for example, a rivet set.

In a divisional application Serial No. 225,17 5, filed March 28th, 1918,.1 have shown and described the modification shown in Fig. 4.

Other novel features of construction and advantage will hereinafter more clearly appear in the detailed description of my invention.

For the purpose of illustrating my invention, I have shown in the accompanying drawings typical embodiments of it which are at present'preferred by me, since these embodiments will give in practice satisfactory and reliable results, although it is to be understood that the various instrumentalities of which my invention consists can be variously arranged and organized and that my invention is not limited to the precise arrangement and organization of these in- .strumentalities as herein shown and de- Fig. 5 represents a view similar to Fig. 4 of another embodiment of my invention.

Fig. 6 represents an end .view of a rivet set embodying my invention.

Fig. 7 represents a side elevation, artly in section, of the rivet set seen in ig. 6, showing the roughened or ridged formation on the concaved face ofthe rivet set.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Referring to the drawings 1 designates my novel construction of pneumatic riveter, the same comprising an outer casing 2, preferably of insulating material or properly insulated, which may be of any suitable contour or configuration and provided with a handle 3 for holding the tool up to its work.

The casing 2 may inclose the device at its rear end, as indicated at 1, the forward or left hand end thereof being closed by a suitable closure, such as a disk, plate or the like, 5.

Within the casing 2, I locate the lining member 6, which has an inwardly extending bearing 7 for the end 8 of the rotatable shaft 9, which carries the armature 10, the forward end of said shaft having its bearing in the guide bar or plate 11.

12 designates a rivet set which is preferably detachably connected to the rotatable shaft 9, see'Fig. 3, the same being adapted to contact with and drive or head the end 13 of the rivet 14, which is shown in Fig. 2 as passed through the contiguous plates 15 and 16.

17 designates an adjustable stop or abutment carried by the rotary armature shaft 9 for the purpose of limiting the forward vmovement thereof. Within the casing 2 are located field magnets. 18 through which pass the pole pieces 19 and 20, said pole pieces terminating in the enlarged ends 21 which are provided with recessed portions 22 so as to permit a longitudinal forward movement of the armature 10, the shaft 9 and its adjuncts to the desired extent, as will be hereinafter explained.

23 designates a commutator and 24: the commutator brushes. The handle 3 is preferably forged or similarly constructed and may be attached to the body or casing 2 by means of rivets 2A or other suitable fastening devices or it may be spotwelded thereto, as at 25, as is evident.

The guide bar 11 through which the armature shaft 9 passes and in which it is rotatably mounted may be secured in fixed position with the pole pieces 20 by means of set screws 26 or other fastening devices.

The handle 3 is preferably made hollow, as indicated in Fig. 2, whereby the chamber 27 is provided, as indicated in Fig. 2 in which I locate the circuit closing and opening devices 28 and 29, the upper circuit closing deaseaeee vice or spring 28 being actuated by the depression or finger piece 30, whereupon the circuit is closed, the magnets 18 energized and the rotation of the armature 10 and shaft 9 effected by any suitable wiring systern, as will be familiar to those skilled in the art.

The handle chamber 27 forms a receptacle for the electric conductors indicated at 31 and 32 and it will be apparent that when the outer terminals of the pole pieces 19 and 20 are placed against the plate 16, the circuit will be closed and the lines of force travel in the direction indicated by the arrows 33 so that the armature 10, shaft 9 and button set 12 not only acquire a rapid rotatable movement, but in addition, .owingto the magnetism created in the pole pieces 21, said armature will be drawn axially to the left, therebyimparting not only a spinning but a pressing action to the red hot end 13 of the rivet 14 so that the latter will be headed in a period of a few seconds.

The working tool is preferably made detachable and one manner of accomplishing this result is indicated in Fig. 3. The armature shaft 9 is provided with a head or socket 33 having an aperture 34 adapted to receive the shank of the rivet set or other working tool 12, which may be removed by actuating the drift pin 35. This pin 35 engages the walls of the recesses 36 and 37 in the socket 33 and shank of the working tool, respectively, so that such parts revolve together.

When the circuit is closed through the pole pieces and the plates which are to be riveted, the magnetic force created securely holds the riveter with respect to such plates until the circuit is broken. This renders it much easier for the operator to handle the riveter, since all that it is necessary for him to do is to place it in proper position with respect to the work and then close the circuit, whereupon the rivet will be properly headed. As soon as this operation is completed, the operator opens the circuit, thereby releasing the riveter from its work and 1 it is ready to be applied to the next rivet which is to be driven.

Referring now to the embodiment seen in Fig. 4, an electric motor driven riveter is illustrated in which a rotary motion is imparted to the rivet set to cause the setting of a rivet head through the medium of its rotary or spinning action;

38 designates a sectional casing, each section of which is provided with ears. 39 secured together by fastening bolts 40. To the rear portion of the casing 38 a handle 41 is secured for holding the tool to its work.

The casing 33 may have any desired contour and as shown is cylindrical in longitudinal section and is provided with end closure walls 42 and 43 which provide a bearing for a rotatable shaft 44 carrying an armature 45 of an electric motor 46 inclosed in the casing 38.

47 designates a rivet set which is preferably detachably connected to the rotatable shaft 44 in a manner similar to that shown and described with reference to Fig. 3

48 designates a grasping handle loosely mounted on the rotatable shaft 44 intermediate the casing 38 and the head or socket 33 of the rotatable shaft 44 and is held against longitudinal movement on said shaft 44 between the collar 49 fixed to the shaft and the hub extension 50 of the casing 38.

The function of this handle is to afford a grasping portion for the hand of the operator to support and direct the front end of the tool in the one hand independent of the rotary movement of the shaft 44, while the main support of the tool is maintained by grasping the handle 41 with the other hand.

The design of the handle 41 and its manner of attachment to the casing 38 is similar to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings and heretofore described. 7

The motor 50 is of the ordinary type consisting mainly of the coiled field pieces 51 fixed to the casing 38. Between these field pieces 51, the armature 45 is mounted to rotate with its rotatable shaft 44 bearing in the end walls of the casing and carrying the rivet set 47. The armature is provided with a commutator and stationary insulated brushes in the same manner as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

The arrangement of the electricwiring of the motor together with the mechanism for starting and stopping the motor is similar to that shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings and heretofore described.

1n the embodiment of riveter, seen in F 1g. 5, compressed air or other motive fluid is utilized as the energy to operate the device, the general operation and construction being substantially the same as that shown in 1 ig. 4, except that a rotary engine 52 is mounted within the casing to actuate the rotatable shaft 44. This rotary engine may be of any desired or conventional type and for purposes of simplicity, ll have shown a plu rality of blades 53 carried by the shaft 41 to rotate said shaft when motive fluid is admitted into the casing 38 to act against said blades.

54 designates a port in the end wall 43 of the casing 38, said port 54 being in communication with the interior of the casing 38 and with a passageway 55 in the handle 56. 57 designates a flexible tube in communication with a supply of motive fluid and with a passageway 58 in the handle 56. 59 designates a manually actuated valve operated by the finger trigger 60 for controlling the passage of motive fluid from the passageway 58 into the passageway 55, thence through the port 54 to operate the rotary enshzipe. v

hen a rotary or spinning motion is employed, it is sometimes desirable that the surface of the concaved portion of the rivet set be roughened or ridged to aid in the spinning of the rivet so that its head will receive the desired set in the least time and eliminate the physical strains to which the operator is subjected in the operation of riveters of the hammering type. I With this end in view, I have shown a I rivet set or shaper tool 61 consisting of the headed portion 62 rovided with an integral shank 63, the hea ed portion 62 being concaved, as shown at 64 One form of configuration to produce the above desired re sults consists in forming a transverse ridge the current is formed through the work,

on the curved surface of the concaved portion 64.

Various other forms of configuration on this curved surface may be resorted to to produce the desired results. It will readily be understood that with a rapidly rotating shaper tool of this character the ridge 65 will have a combined squashing and spinning action on a semi-plastic rivet to quickly form the rivet to the desired shape or set.

it will be apparent that all of the working parts areproperly protected or concealed within the casing, so that the riveter is fool proof and there is no chance for any one to become injured by coming in contact with the working parts or the parts of the electric circuit.

"While I have described my invention as being especially adapted to be employed as a riveter, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which this invention appertains that it .is adapted to be employed in all cases in which a simultaneousrotary and axial movement of a working tool is desired.

it will be seen that owing to the provision, of the pole pieces and the manner in which such as for example, the plates which are to be riveted, reamed, drilled, or otherwise acted upon, I provide a magnetic holderon which securely clamps the apparatus with respect to the work when the electric circuit is closed and when the electric circult is 0 en, the device is automatically de- 65 tached from the work. By such constructhe tool, the work can be accomplished with a minimum amount of labor on the part of the operator, as is evident.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that in the broad and generic scope of my invention, I provide means for spinning into shape the end or head of any desired member, such as for example, a rivet set, and while in some cases, it is desirable to secure the riveter with respect to the work. in other cases, it is manually supported and can be manually manipulated so that the spinning element can be adjusted with respect to the work which is being accomplished.

It will now be apparent that I have devised a novel and useful method of riveting and apparatus therefor, which embodies the features (if advantage enumerated as desirable in the statement of the invention and the above description, and while I have, in the present instance, shown and described typical embodiments of it which will give in practice satisfactory and reliable results, it is to be understood that these embodiments are susceptible of modification in various particulars without departing 'from the spirit or scope of the inventionor sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an electric riveter, the combination with a rivet set, of electrically actuated means to simultaneously rotate said rivet set and advance it to its work.

2. In an electric riveter, the combination with a rivet set, of electrically actuated means to simultaneously rotate said rivet set and advance it to its work, and manually 1 controlled devices to render said means operative or inoperative.

3. In an electric riveter, a casing, an

armature rotatably mounted in said casing a magnetic field for said armature inclu ing pole pieces extending exterior of the casing, means to. energize and deenergize said magnetic field, said magnetic field when energized effecting a rotation and an axial movement of said armature, and a working tool carried by said armature.

4. A device of the character stated. comprising a casing, an armature therein mounted for rotary and axial movement, a

magnetic field for said armature, means to i energize and deenergize said magnetic field,

a working tool rotated and moved axially by said armature, a magnetic holder-on, and electr1cal means to control said magnetlc field and said magnetic holder-on.

masses by said armature, and manually actuated means to control the opening and closing of said circuit.

6. A device of the character described, comprising in combination, an electric motor adapted to simultaneously rotate and axially "move, an electric circuit for said motor, a

rivet set connected to said motor, pole pieces carried by said motor to engage the Work and form a circuit therethrough When said electric circuit is energized, and means to control said electric circuit.

7. A device of the character described, comprising in combination, a casing, a support 'withln said casing, an armature journaled in said support, pole pieces Within said casing extending exterior thereof, a magnetic field for said pole pieces, a shaft for said armature extending exterior of said casing, a guide for said shaft carried by said pole pieces, a stop for said shaft, a

Working tool carried by said shaft, and means to pass electric current to said armature and to said magnetic field.

8. A device of the character described comprising in combination, a casing of insulating material, an electric motor within said casing, a Working. tool carried by said motor, an electric circuit for said motor to cause it to simultaneously rotate and move longitudinally, means to control said circuit, a Working tool carried by said motor, and means controlled by said circuit to clamp said casing with respect to the Work to be performed.

9. A device of the character described, comprising in combination, a casing, a support Within said casing, brushes carried by said support, an armature rotatable in said casing and support, pole pieces extending exterior of said casing and partially surrounding said armature, an armature shaft, a Working tool detachably connected With said shaft, and means to energize or deenergize said magnetic field and pass an electric current to and from said brushes.

HARRY BARRINGER COX. 1 Witnesses:

H. S. FAIRBANKS, E. HAYWARD FAIRBANKS. 

